4          Design loading on the terminal

 

As stated before the total load on the caisson is a sum of the wind, wave and current load on the caisson. They are calculated using straightforward hydro mechanical formula’s.

Fwind    = ;

Fcurrent = ;

Fdrift     = .

·         In order to determine the highest loads for both the operational condition as for the extreme survival condition; all three contributions to the total load are added as if they were coming from the same direction.

·         In case of the extreme condition, the forces are projected on the short side of the caisson, whereas for the operational condition the forces are projected on the long side of the caisson.

·         The area needed for the wind load is set as the area of the caisson above the still water line together with the area of 3 high stacked containers. In formula it looks like this; (length*height above still water) + (length-(2*20)*3 high containers).

·         The area needed for the current load is the wetted area, which is defined as the area below the still waterline times the length or beam of the caisson. In formulas it looks like this; (16*length).

·         The Cd value for wind and current is 1.3, for the wave drift forces this value is 1.

 

Loads during operational conditions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

density [kg/m^3]

speed [m/s]

Area [m^2]

Length [m]

Wave ampl. [m]

Cd value [-]

Load [MN]

Wind

1,23

15

12480

-

-

1,3

2,24

Current

1025

0,75

12800

-

-

1,3

4,80

Waves

1025

-

-

800

1,75

1

12,32

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total [MN]

19,36

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loads during survival conditions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

density [kg/m^3]

speed [m/s]

Area [m^2]

Length [m]

Wave ampl. [m]

Cd value [-]

Load [MN]

Wind

1,23

30

3520

-

-

1,3

2,53

Current

1025

1,5

3840

-

-

1,3

5,76

Waves

1025

-

-

240

7,5

1

67,87

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total [MN]

76,16

 

Tables 2 and 3: loads during operational and survival conditions.

continu to chapter 5: basic design

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