To help define the term “co-creation”, Walter Fraanje will explain how citizens co-create in their everyday life in two different ways.

First, citizens co-create as end-users in their everyday routines, such as taking the subway to work every day, or deciding to stop to do so.  Here, the influence of other citizens and technologies is crucial in understanding the changes in the routines of citizens. Also, fatal moments may act as triggers for reflection by citizens about their everyday routines, potentially leading citizens to change them.

Second, citizens co-create by invitation when other stakeholders invite them to join a creative process in an organised setting.