As Walter Fraanje explained earlier (1.4.2. Co-creation in everyday life), public authorities can invite citizens to participate in the co-creation of city politics. But, how can citizens participate? In the following video, Tamara Metze explains how citizens do not only participate by voting in the local elections. Secondly, the participation ladder will be introduced as a framework to assess the degree of participation that public authorities allow and enhance from their citizens in the co-creation process.