In this lecture, we will look at what is actually required in order to be able to navigate. To illustrate this, we follow pirate captain Mohamed on his high seas adventure.

In order to navigate in any environment, we need a few key elements. For a robot this is no different. What we need is:

• A map of the environment
• The current location on the map (localization)
• A route to take (path planning)
• Obstacle avoidance