Important announcement

Dear visitor,

Please note that this OpenCourseWare platform will be replaced at the end of 2026 by a new platform (under the same url ocw.tudelft.nl).

Courses and their contents that are currently available the platform will partly be migrated. URL’s for this content will change and content might be unavailable for some time. In addition, some courses will not be available anymore.

If you are linking to specific courses on this platform (for instance for your students), please take timely measures to avoid problems with access. Possible actions are:

  • Download the materials to your local platform (laptop, server)
  • For educators only (including TU Delft lecturers): Contact us at ocw@tudelft.nl and inform us what course you are using in what context (institute, program, period of use, number of students). We will research (in collaboration with the authors of the course) and decide if we will migrate the course, and if yes, can supply you with a new url.

Thank you.

1.3.2 The three steps of recycling in a circular economy

Course subject(s) Module 1 Design for Recycling at a Systems Level

Recycling in a circular economy can be divided into three basic steps:

Step 1: Collection

The logistics required to gather sufficient volumes of end-of-life products at a recycling facility.

Step 2: Processing

The treatment starting with the collected products, liberating various material streams and generating recycled material.

Step 3: Manufacturing with recycled materials

The process of applying recycled materials in the production of new products.

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