When managing SSC initiatives, some important questions should be raised:

Is the project going in the right direction? How can we identify what can be done better? Where should we focus our attention?

In this section, we will look deeper into the types of indicators. They can be described as:

• Input indicators refer to the resources needed to implement an activity, such as financial and human resources (Bosch et al., 2017).
• Process indicators measure whether planned activities took place. Examples in the smart city context include holding meetings and training courses (Bosch et al., 2017).
• Output indicators add more details concerning the product of the activity, for example, the number of workers trained or the production of materials.
• Outcome indicators are the result of both the “quantity” (“how many”) and the quality (“how well”) of the activities implemented. Often, they measure the extent to which the target population has been reached by the project, for instance, the percentage of the population using bikes (Bosch et al., 2017).
• Impact indicators describe the changes in people’s lives (UNDP, 2009, p. 65). They can be used for measuring the quality and quantity of long-term results generated by outputs, such as: measurable change in quality of life, improved transport system and reduced air pollution