This section presents principles for stakeholder engagement categorized as normative, substantive, and social principles.

Normative Social Design Principles

1. Adopt a complexity-informed stance, a complex multi-actor systems view, and recognize socio-technical complexity, the main interactions and feedback loops at many scales.
2. Adopt a stakeholder-inclusive approach, acknowledging diverse knowledge sources, from disciplinary knowledge to public administrative knowledge to lived experiences.
3. Adopt a value-based approach to co-design and co-creation, recognizing value differences from the outset.
4. Realize that uncertainty is inherent and adopt an adaptive approach.

 

Substantive Social Design Principles

1. Characteristic way of life
2. Cultural integrity
3. Maintain community
4. Recognize political systems
5. Identify environmental uses and opportunities
6. Enhance health and wellbeing
7. Recognize personal and property rights
8. Acknowledge fears and aspirations
9. Identify cumulative effects and opportunities

 

Engagement Process: social principles

1. Tolerate discomfort and unresolved tensions as they are often a gateway to a new level of knowledge, understanding, and trust
2. Be sensitive to “Aha!” moments of insight.
3. Engage with balanced generosity: enquiring, listening, and sharing. Managing contribution and constraint is closely linked to listening.
4. Practice tolerance, build integrity and mutual trust
5. Create and use reflective opportunities
6. Be sensitive to the ‘arrivals’ of both people and ideas
7. Manage discontinuities, people come and go, and arrangements change suddenly
8. Sustain inquiry (keep going when it is tough)
9. Be conscious that everyone involved is a whole, multi-dimensional person, with the potential to engage with their whole self and with many ways of knowing.