Exercise 1

A very flat sheet of oak has temperature T₀. A layer of steel, temperature T₁ (which is higher than T₀), is put together with the oak sheet. Calculations are not needed in this exercise.

Exercise 2

CONTAMINATED GROUND

Remember the blue mozzarella exercise from module 5? There was a landfill site contaminated with garbage. The groundwater used in the production of mozzarella turned the cheese blue, because it was inherently contaminated as well.

After 10 years, the penetration depth was 0.45 m. The concentration profile was assumed to be linear in depth. Now, with penetration theory, we can do a more realistic calculation.

It is known that the diffusion constant D = 2.0 • 10^-10 m²/s and the solubility is constant: c*=2.0 kg/m³at the surface at all times.

GRAPH FLUX VERSUS TIME

We wonder how much contamination is contained in the ground after 18 years, in other words, how much garbage (in kg/m2) has entered the landfill from the moment the garbage is put on top of it (t =0) .

There are several ways to calculate this. In this exercise, you will use the method of integrating the mass flux Φ_m” over time . The graph below will help you understand this method. It presents the mass flux over time at the surface (depth = 0 m).

Exercise 3

BURNING YOUR HANDS

Remember Max burning his hand while cooking the union soup in the spark? This mistake can be partly understood by using penetration theory.

Solving the complete problem involves some knowledge about long-term heating, which will be addressed in the in the next chapter. For now, we will only use penetration theory.

The effective length between the soup and the top of the ladle is 20 cm, the effective length between the soup and the point where Max grabs the ladle is 10 cm. The ladle is made of stainless steel (a = 1.172 • 10^-5 m²/s).