Earlier in this course, you were introduced to the principles of secondary sourcing and the urban mine by Ester. Now, Patrick Wäger and Charles Marmy from the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) will teach you more about why we need to characterize the urban mine, how to do it and where to access urban mine data.

In the first part, Patrick will recall what the urban mine is and talk about the reasons why we characterize it.