Although not formally part of the Science Cycle another form of scientific reasoning you may come across in your research is that of abductive reasoning.

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Abductive reasoning is a form of scientific reasoning that proceeds to the likeliest possible explanation based on a set observations of which is known that by their nature they are incomplete. You are forced to form and test hypothesis using the best information available. You effectively make a well-educated guess or describe the most likely cause or most likely diagnosis.

Abduction is a form of reasoning often used in accident investigations, a doctor making a diagnosis based on test results and in a less scientific world a jury delivering a verdict in a court case.