In module 2, we focused on the sustainable pillar of Smart Sustainable Cities. Sustainability Challenges and strategies were presented in the sections:

2.2 Smart Sustainable Cities and Sustainable Development Goals

2.3 Urban Impacts on the Environment

2.4 Social Innovation

2.5 Bioclimatic Architecture

2.6 Study Case: Sustainable Urban Mobility Curitiba

2.7 Economic Sustainability

These concepts show that the sustainable aspect of SSC not only focuses on the environmental benefits but also considers social, economic, and technological factors. Smart Sustainable Cities are complex systems where these aspects interact and impact one another. Therefore, this module presented

• main components of Smart Sustainable Cities and their relation with Sustainable Development Goals;
• urban environmental impacts examples and how to mitigate them;
• social innovation cases and their impact on social inequalities;
• applications of bioclimatic architecture (technical solutions) to fulfill human thermal comfort requirements;
• the importance of circular economy in a long-term scenario.

The importance of sustainability challenges presented in this module closes the theory of the WHY section of this course (Why do cities need to become smart and sustainable?).