If you are interested in more details about the state of circularity on the planetary level we recommend you to have a look at The CIRCULARITY GAP report: An analysis of the circular state of the global economy; Circle Economy, January 2018, Amsterdam.

More details on the activity-based material flow analyses can be found here: REPAiR: REsource Management in Peri-urban AReas: Going Beyond Urban Metabolism: D3.1 Introduction to the methodology for integrated spatial, material flow and social analyses; Geldermans, B., Bellstedt, C., Formato, E., Varju, V., Grünhut, Z., Cerreta, M., Amenta, L., Inglese, P., van der Leer, J. & Wandl, A., 3 Oct 2017, Delft University of Technology.

In case you are interested how the sustainability of a waste management system can be assessed we would suggest reading: A Holistic Sustainability Framework for Waste Management in European Cities: Concept development; S. Taelman, D. Tonini, A. Wandl, J. Dewulf; June 2018, Sustainability 10 (7), 2184.