In this course, we will briefly describe some of the city logistics schemes that have been studied and implemented. We will not be able to cover them all, since they are truly many (see Table 1). The main focus will be interesting perspectives that practitioners and researchers have in solving some of the challenges of urban freight transport.

Table 1. Overview of main actions public administrators can perform and potential reactions from the private sector (adapted from Muñuzuri et al. 2005)

Main category	Approach	Specific action	Private sector reaction
Private/Public infrastructure	Transfer points	City terminals	Incorporate spaces into logistics chain; consolidate deliveries/collection; shift to smaller & cleaner road vehicles or other modes.
		Outskirts logistic centers
		Logistic improvement of terminals
		Use of rail or ship terminals
		Use of public parking lots
	Modal shift	Use of the train or underground system
		Shuttle train
Land use management	Parking	(smart) Load zone provision	Avoid on-street parking for loading and unloading activities; less congestion; higher reliability.
		Parking space planning
		Hub areas
		Use of other reserved spaces
	Building regulations	Load/unload interfaces
		Use of private parking lots
		Mini-warehouse	Consolidate delivery to only one location (per block/small walkable area)
Access conditions	Spatial restrictions	Access according to weight, volume, width, height & length	Shift to smaller vehicles (but also MORE vehicles)
		Access to pedestrian zones	Shift to small/clean vehicles
		Street blocking allowance	Minimize impact of delivery activity/increase safety
		Closing the center to private traffic	Access given to freight vehicles during a time-window
		Environmental zoning restricting polluting vehicles or zero-emission zones	Reduction of emissions
		Road pricing	Overall reduction in unnecessary traffic
	Time restrictions	Adequate rotation in load zones	Increase utilization of load zones
		Night deliveries	Shift to off-hour delivery
		Double-parking short time restrictions	Minimize impact of delivery activity
		Access time windows	Avoid congested periods or pedestrian/shopping hours
Traffic management	Scope of regulations	Carrier classification	Apply for appropriate classification, with best traffic permissions
		Freight zone classification	–
		Harmonization of regulations	–
		Street classification	–
	Information	On-line load zone reservations	Dynamic routing

Muñuzuri, J., Larrañeta, J., Onieva, L., & Cortés, P. (2005). Solutions applicable by local administrations for urban logistics improvement. Cities. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2004.10.003