Let’s turn to a different way of understanding city logistics, that is understanding the stakeholders. Throughout the course, we have emphasized the inclusion and understanding of stakeholders, since the improvement of urban freight depends very much on the actors and the society urban freight activity is embedded in. There is much to say on the topic, but we will limit ourselves to a few methods to develop a systematic understanding of these stakeholders. These methods are used in different ways, from the estimation of models to the strategies on how best to engage stakeholders.