Historical water systems exist in diverse spaces and have multiple social and cultural components. Building on the historical development of water practices in cities, Gül and Tianchen will now look at water systems in rural settlements and agricultural areas. They reveal how water in its multiple facets has shaped landscapes, buildings, materials, techniques, and cultures.

While watching these videos, please think about the following questions:

• • How have people protected themselves against water in their homes?
  • How have they channeled water to grow food?

In the first the example of the village of Fındıklı in Rize, Turkey Gül explains how people have long shaped vernacular buildings and sites in response to water challenges.