Now we will look at e-fuels or synthetic fuels, the challenges they currently face in the market and the question of efficiency. After this we will summarise what we have learnt about the different zero-emission technology options.

Key takeaways:

1. Opinions about the potential of e-fuels is divided among professionals and researchers.
2. While e-fuels can be very low-carbon if made from new, additional renewable electricity, it is difficult to keep them at low-cost at the same time.
3. “There appears to be no silver bullet for all [transport] situations, and different solutions may very well appear alongside each other in the future, catering for specific segments of the market.”