Products can also be reused by different groups of users, by redistribution. Kamila Mascart presents different perspectives and different user groups in this video.

Main takeaways

This redistribution approach gave at least four established variations of the green business model:

• Recirculating, such as a second hand sale.
• Refurbishment and Re-sell – refurbishment of the used equipment prior to re-sale to a new user.
• Voluntary take/buy back services, offered by service providers, retailers or producers. Used equipment is collected, refurbished and resold.
• Leasing – the business retains ownership instead of the customer.

There are three types of users participating in these redistribution collection schemes:

• Internal Users – redistribution is amongst the members of a usually large organisation, such as a governmental building or university.
• Users from different countries, especially between developed and upcoming countries.
• Users (with different needs) – high quality equipment is re-used by other market segments, such as consumers with lesser demands for their equipment, or with a lower budget to spend.

Some further reading, if you want to take this topic further:

• “Circular Business Models in the Mobile Phone Industry” David Watson, Anja Charlotte Gylling, Naoko Tojo, Harald Throne-Holst, Bjørn Bauer, Leonidas Milios
• Close The Loop
• Close The Gap
• WorldLoop