Part 3 of this course, which consists of two weeks, is all about PV modules. In PV1x and PV2x we discuss the operation principles of solar cells and many different PV technologies. Now you will learn how multiple solar cells are used to make a PV module. We’ll look at the different interconnection techniques and at the design concepts of the metal contacts of the modules.

We will also discuss the operation of PV modules. What happens to the performance of a PV module under increased temperature and irradiance? What happens to the current and voltage of a module when a single cell is shaded? Why do we include diodes in the module and how many diodes should be included? You will be able to answer these questions at the end of part 3.

Finally, we’ll take a look at the reliability testing of photovoltaic modules. You will learn how temperature, partial shading and moisture affect the reliability of PV modules and how this is tested.