Preface:

1. Introductory Material

•  Introduction
• Simple Chemical and Electrochemical Reactions
• Major Types of Reaction Mechanisms
• Important Practical Parameters
• General Equivalent Circuit of an Electrochemical Cell

2. Principles Determining the Voltages and Capacities of Electrochemical Cells

• Introduction
• Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species
• A Simple Example: The Lithium/Iodine Cell
• The Shape of Discharge Curves and the Gibbs Phase Rule
• The Coulometric Titration Technique

3. Binary Electrodes Under Equilibrium or Near-Equilibrium Conditions

• Introduction
• Binary Phase Diagrams
• A Real Example, The Lithium: Antimony System Again
• Stability Ranges of Phases
• Another Example, The Lithium: Bismuth System
• Coulometric Titration Measurements on Other Binary Systems
• Temperature Dependence of the Potential
• Application to Oxides and Similar Materials
• Ellingham Diagrams
• Liquid Binary Electrodes
• Comments on Mechanisms and Terminology
• Summary

4. Ternary Electrodes Under Equilibrium or Near-Equilibrium Conditions

• Introduction
• Ternary Phase Diagrams and Phase Stability Diagrams
• Comments on the Influence of SubTriangle Configurations in Ternary Systems
• An Example: The Sodium/Nickel Chloride “Zebra” System
• A Second Example: The Lithium-Copper-Chlorine Ternary System
• Calculation of the Maximum Theoretical Specific Energies
• Specific Capacity and Capacity Density in Termary Systems
• Another Group of Example: Metal Hydride Systems Containing Magnesium
• Further Ternary Examples
• Ternary Systems Composed of Two Binary Metal Alloys
• What About the Presence of Additional Components?
• Summary

5. Electrode Reactions That Deviate from Complete Equilibrium

• Introduction
• Stable and Metastable Equilibrium
• Selective Equilibrium
• Soft Chemistry
• Formation of Amorphous Structures by Insertion Reactions
• Deviations from Equilibrium for Kinetic Reasons

6. Insertion Reaction Electrodes

• Introduction
• Examples of the Insertion of Guest Species into layer structures
• Floating and Pillard Layer Structures
• More on Terminology Related to the Insertion of Species into Solids
• Types of Inserted Guest Species Configurations
• Sequential Insertion Reactions
• Coinsertion of Solvent Species
• Insertion into Materials with Parallel Linear Tunnels
• Change in the Host Structure Induced by Guest Insertion or Extraction
• The Variation of the Potential with Composition in Insertion Reaction Electrodes
• Final Comments

7. Negative Electrodes in Lithium Cells

• Introduction
• Elemental Lithium Electrodes
• Problems with the Rechargeability of Elemental Electrodes
• Alternatives

7A. Lithium-Carbon Alloys

• Introduction
• Ideal Structure of Graphite Saturated with Lithium
• Variations in the Structure of Graphite
• Structural Aspects of Lithium Insertion into Graphitic Carbons
• Electrochemical Behavior of Lithium in Graphite
• Electrochemical Behavior of Lithium in Amorphous Graphite
• Lithium in Hydrogen-Containing Carbons

7B. Metallic Lithium Alloys

• Introduction
• Equilibrium Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Lithium Alloys
• Experiments at Ambient Temperature
• Liquid Binary Alloys
• Mixed-Conductor Matrix Electrodes
• Decrepitation
• Modification of the Micro and Nanostructure of the Electrode
• Formation of Amorphous Product at Ambient Temperatures

8. Convertible Reactant Electrodes

• Introduction
• Electrochemical Formation of Metals and Alloys from Oxides
• Lithium-Tin Alloys at Ambient Temperature
• The Lithium-Tin Oxide System
• Irreversible and Reversible Capacities
• Other Possible Convertible Oxides
• Final Comments

9. Positive Electrodes in Lithium Systems

• Introduction
• Insertion Reaction
• More than One Type of Interstitial Site
• Cells Assembled in the Discharged State
• Solid Positive Electrodes in Lithium Systems
• Liquid Positive Electrode Reactants
• Hydrogen and Water in Positive Electrode Materials

10. Negative Electrodes in Aqueous Systems

• Introduction
• The Zinc Electrode in Aqueous Systems
• The Cadmium Electrode
• Metal Hydride Electrodes

11. Positive Electrodes in Aqueous Systems

• Introduction
• Manganese Dioxide Electrodes in Aqueous Systems
•  The Nickel Electrode
• Cause of the Memory Effect in Nickel Electrodes

12. Other Topics Related to Electrodes

• Introduction
• Mixed-Conducting Host Structures into Which Either Cations or Anions Can Be Inserted
• Cells with Liquid Electrodes: Flow Batteries
• Reactions in Fine Particle Electrodes

13. Potentials

• Introduction
• Potentials in and Near Solids
• Reference Electrodes
• Potentials of Chemical Rections
• Potential and Composition Distributions Within Components of Electrochemical Cells

14. Liquid Electrolytes

• Introduction
• General Considerations Regarding the Stability of Electrolytes Vs. Alkali Metals
• Elevated Temperature Electrolytes for Alkali Metals
• Ambient Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium
• Aqueous Electrolytes for Hydrogen
• Nonaqueous Electrolytes for Hydrogen

15. Solid Electrolytes

• Introduction
• Solid Electrolytes: Introduction
• Mechanism and Structural Dependence of Ionic Conduction in Solid Electrolytes
• Lithium Ion Conductors

16. Electrolyte Stability Windows and Their Extension

• Introduction
• Binary Electrolyte Phases
• Ternary Electrolyte Phases
• Composite Structures That Combine Stability Regimes
• The SEI in Organic Solvent Systems
• Combination of a Solid Electrolyte and a Molten Salt Electrolyte

17. Experimental Methodes to Evaluate the Critical Properties of Electrodes and Electrolytes

• Introduction
• Use of DC Methodes to Determine the Electronic and Ionic Components of the Conductivity in Mixed Conductors
• Experimental Determination of the Critical Properties of Potential Electrode Materials
• Use of AC Methodes to Determine the Electronic and Ionic Components of the Conductivity in Solid Electrolytes and Mixed Conductors

18. Use of Polymeric Materials As Battery Components

• Introduction
• Polymer Electrolytes

19. Transient Behavior of Electrochemical Systems

• Introduction
• Transient Behavior Under Pulse Demand Conditions
• Modeling Transient Behavior of Electrochemical Systems Using Laplace Transforms

20. Closing Comments

• Introduction
• Terminology
• Major Attention Is Given to The Driving Forces
• Thinking Tools
• Major Players in This Area
• The Future