This lecture starts with a recap of previous lectures. After that some contour plots are analysed to see what phenomena occur. More contour plots and an analysis of this plots can be found on www.traffic-states.com. Phenomena like wide moving jams and standing queues are indicated during this lecture. Higher order phenomena in traffic flow like capacity drop, hysteresis and traffic instability are also discussed. The underlying explanations will be discussed and some possible modeling approaches are shown. On collegerama only hysteresis is explained but the slides also discuss the phenomena capacity drop and traffic instability.

Also read the following chapter 5 of the reader about hysteresis and paragraph 6.5 about capacity drop.