We will finalize the topic on ‘Sand cutting’ by explaining the processes on saturated sand with wedge and continue on the topic of ‘Clay cutting’. On the clay cutting topic, dr.ir. Sape Miedema will first explain about the three types of failure in clay; the Curling Type, the Flow Type and the Tear Type. Compared to sand cutting, it only has one type of failure in sand: the Shear Type.